An Implementation of a Multi-Hop Underwater Wireless Sensor Network using Bowtie Antenna

Water quality is a growing area of research, with more and focus in the UK globally on environmental issues water quality. Current methods monitoring data such as air have continued to develop, spurred by growth Internet Things. However, mainly still depends manual sample collection. This research presents first implementation multi-hop underwater radio frequency sensor network using bowtie antennas combined 433 MHz controlled flooding routing approach. The experimental work was conducted reservoir demonstrates potential networks extend range 19 meters well improvements communication distances from 7 previously 17 communications an environment. Simulated results show that platform used could enable long-term deployment wireless RF for periods over year support 100 node broadcasting twice daily remaining active 418 days or hourly 406 before any deaths.